Astragaloside IV ameliorates radiation‐induced nerve cell damage by activating the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway

Abstract Radiation can induce nerve cell damage. Synapse connectivity and functionality are thought to be the essential foundation of all cognitive functions. Therefore, treating and preventing damage to synaptic structure and function is an urgent challenge. Astragaloside IV (AS‐IV) is a glycoside extracted from Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.). Bunge is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine in China with various pharmacological properties, including protective effects on the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, the effect of AS‐IV on synapse damage and BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway in radiated C57BL/6 mice with X‐rays was investigated. PC12 cells and primary cortical neurons were exposed to UVA in vitro. Open field test and rotarod test were used to observe the effects of AS‐IV on the motor and explore the abilities of radiated mice. The pathological changes in the brain were observed by hematoxylin and eosin and Nissl staining. Immunofluorescence analysis was used to detect the synapse damage. The expressions of the BDNF/TrkB pathway and neuroprotection‐related molecules were detected by Western blotting and Quantitative‐RTPCR, respectively. The results showed that AS‐IV could improve the motor and explore abilities of radiated mice, reduce pathological damage to the cortex, enhance neuroprotection functions, and activate BDNF/TrkB pathway. In conclusion, AS‐IV could relieve radiation‐induced synapse damage, at least partly through the BDNF/TrkB pathway.