Relationship Between Types of Aggression and Executive Functions: A Meta-Analysis Study

This meta-analysis systematically reviewed original research examining the relationship between executive function (EF) and different forms (physical and relational) and functions (reactive and proactive) of aggression. The primary aim was to clarify how cognitive control processes, such as inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility, relate to distinct patterns of aggressive behavior. A systematic literature search was conducted in Medline, Scopus, and PsycINFO, including studies that assessed EF using validated measures and reported correlation coefficients with aggression variables. After screening according to PRISMA guidelines, 24 studies involving 10,181 participants met the inclusion criteria. Random-effects models were used to calculate pooled effect sizes, taking into account variability across studies. The results showed that the strongest average correlation was found between executive function and physical aggression (r = .14, p = .29), though this association did not reach statistical significance. The weakest correlation emerged between EF and reactive aggression (r = –.003, p = .97), suggesting virtually no relationship. Similarly, correlations between EF and proactive aggression (r = .14, p = .09) and relational aggression (r = .007, p = .93) were weak and non-significant. Considerable heterogeneity was observed across all models (I² > 95%), indicating that study differences in design, sample characteristics, and measurement tools may have influenced results. Overall, the findings reveal a complex and inconsistent pattern linking executive functioning and aggression.