Mechanism of active component β-sitosterol from Myristica fragrans inducing apoptosis in bladder cancer cells via regulating the BCL-2/BAX/caspase-3 pathway

This study demonstrates that β-sitosterol, a major bioactive compound of nutmeg, suppresses bladder cancer progression by modulating the BCL-2/Bax/Caspase-3 axis and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. These findings provide novel insights into the therapeutic potential of nutmeg as a complementary strategy for bladder cancer treatment.