Human skeletal muscle methylome after low-carbohydrate energy-balanced exercise

We identify novel epigenetically regulated genes associated with train-low sleep-low paradigms. Exercise under low-carbohydrate (CHO) energy-balance (high-fat) conditions elicited a more prominent DNA hypomethylation signature 30 minutes postexercise compared with low-CHO energy-deficit (low-fat) conditions. This was enriched within IL6-JAK-STAT signaling, metabolic processes, p53, cell cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and fatty acid metabolism. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) family members 2, 4, 10, and 11 demonstrated hypomethylation, with HDAC2 and HDAC11 possessing alternative regulation of gene expression in energy balance versus deficit conditions.