Advanced chitosan-based biopolymer systems for probiotic microencapsulation: stability enhancement and targeted release approaches

Despite these advancements, obstacles remain in ensuring consistent release profiles, mitigating the inhibitory effects of chitosan on certain probiotic strains, and optimizing large-scale production while maintaining cost-effectiveness. The need for personalized probiotic therapies has driven research into adaptive encapsulation systems tailored to individual gut microbiota compositions.