Sonnerachromones A–G, Antiaging Chromones from the Fruit of Mangrove Sonneratia apetala

Seven novel chromone derivatives, sonnerachromones A–G (1–7), were isolated from the fruit of mangrove Sonneratia apetala. Compounds 1–3 contain a 6/5/6/6/tetracyclic system with rare C-glycosyl spirocyclic skeletons. The unusual structures were identified by analysis of HRESIMS data, NMR spectra, electronic circular dichroism (ECD), DFT-calculated 13C NMR chemical shifts, DP4plus probability analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The lifespan-extending activity of compounds 1–7 was evaluated using the worm Caenorhabditis elegans model. All compounds significantly protected C. elegans by extending its lifespan (p < 0.01). Among these, compounds 1–3, featuring C-glycosyl spirocyclic skeletons, showed the most significant activity. Specifically, they extended the mean lifespan of C. elegans by up to 39.4, 27.5, and 35.8%, respectively. The maximum and mean survival times of compounds 1 and 3 were higher than those in the positive group. Additionally, compounds 1–7 can also be found to delay the age-related decline in pumping rates and bending function across different treatment durations. Among these, compound 1 exhibited the most pronounced effect, with a health span that was 23% longer than that of the blank control group and the maximum number of body bends reaching 108 ± 7.22.