Recent advances in fluorescent probes for dual-detecting ONOO– and analytes

Although peroxynitrite (ONOO–) plays an essential role in cellular redox homeostasis, its excess ONOO– will affect the normal physiological function of cells. Therefore, real-time monitoring of changes in local ONOO– will contribute to further revealing the biological functions. Reliable and accurate detection of biogenic ONOO– will definitely benefit for disentangling its complex functions in living systems. In the past few years, more fluorescent probes have been developed to help understand and reveal cellular ONOO– changes. However, there has been no comprehensive and critical review of multifunctional fluorescent probes for cellular ONOO– and other analytes. To highlight the recent advances, this review first summarized the recent progress of multifunctional fluorescent probes since 2018, focusing on molecular structures, response mechanisms, optical properties, and biological imaging in the detection and imaging of cellular ONOO– and analytes. We classified and discussed in detail the limitations of existing multifunctional probes, and proposed new ideas to overcome these limitations. Finally, the challenges and future development trends of ONOO– fluorescence probes were discussed. We hoped this review will provide new research directions for developing of multifunctional fluorescent probes and contribute to the early diagnosis and treatment of diseases.