Decoding TROP2 in breast cancer: significance, clinical implications, and therapeutic advancements

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease characterized by distinct molecular subtypes, varied prognoses, and differential treatment responses. Understanding the molecular landscape and identifying therapeutic targets, such as trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (TROP2), is vital. TROP2 is notably overexpressed in breast cancer, playing a significant role in tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, and treatment resistance. While significant progress has been made in targeting TROP2 in breast cancer, several challenges and knowledge gaps remain. These challenges include the heterogeneity of TROP2 expression within breast cancer subtypes, resistance to its targeted therapies, potential off-target effects, limited therapeutic agents, and identifying optimal combination treatments. Integrating findings from clinical trials into clinical practice further complicates the landscape. This review article delves deep into TROP2 in breast cancer, highlighting its expression patterns, clinical implications, and therapeutic advancements. By understanding the role of TROP2, we can pave the way for personalized treatments, and transform the landscape of breast cancer care.