Bioinspired multi-scale interface design for wet gas sensing based on rational water management

Natural organisms have evolved multi-scale wet gas sensing interfaces with optimized mass transport pathways in biological fluid environments, which sheds light on developing artificial counterparts with improved wet gas sensing abilities and practical applications. Herein, we highlighted current advances in wet gas sensing taking advantage of optimized mass transport pathways endowed by multi-scale interface design. Common moisture resistance (e.g., employing moisture resistant sensing materials, post-modifying moisture resistant coatings, physical heating for moisture resistance, and self-removing hydroxyl groups) and moisture absorption (e.g., employing moisture absorption sensing materials and post-modifying moisture absorption coatings) strategies for wet gas sensing were discussed. Then, the design principles of bioinspired multi-scale wet gas sensing interfaces were provided, including macro-level condensation mediation, micro/nano-level transport pathway adjustment and molecular level moisture-proof design. Finally, perspectives on constructing bioinspired multi-scale wet gas sensing interfaces were presented, which will not only deepen our understanding of the underlying principles, but also promote practical applications.