Electron-beam-evaporated NiO X for efficient and stable semi-transparent perovskite solar cells and modules

Herein, thermally stable ST-PSCs have been fabricated by using vacuum deposited CsPbBr 3 perovskite and electron-beam evaporation deposited NiO X . Furthermore, we achieved a champion efficiency of 5.5% for 5 cm × 5 cm mini-modules with an AVT of 49.1%.