Risk of Hepatitis B Exacerbation is Low After Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization Therapy for Patients with HBV-related Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Report of a Prospective Study

OBJECTIVES Systemic chemotherapy may lead to immune suppression and possible reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV), suggesting prophylactic antiviral therapy in cancer patients with HBV. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not a systemic chemotherapy, but has been partially associated with HBV reactivation. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether TACE aggravates HBV hepatitis in patients with HBV-related HCC. METHODS Eighty-nine patients with HBV-related HCC were studied prospectively. Patients treated with TACE were enrolled in the case group (n = 69), and patients in follow-up or awaiting treatment were enrolled in the control group (n = 20). TACE was performed with doxorubicin (20–60 mg) and lipiodol (2–20 mL). RESULTS Three (4.3%) patients in the TACE group and 2 (10%) patients in the control group showed HBV reactivation (p = 0.334). A twofold or more increase in serum HBV DNA was detected in 21 (30.4%) patients in the TACE group and 4 (20%) patients in the control group (p = 0.361). Exacerbation of viral hepatitis B was found in 4 (5.8%) patients in the TACE group and no patients in the control group, but the difference between the two rates was not statistically significant (p = 0.271). Three of the four reactivated patients showed spontaneous recovery within 1 month, and one showed tumor-progression-related exacerbation. CONCLUSIONS One session of TACE using doxorubicin and lipiodol does not significantly aggravate HBV hepatitis in patients with HBV-related HCC.