神经保护
雌激素
更年期
医学
临床试验
神经科学
疾病
生物信息学
重症监护医学
心理学
内科学
生物
作者
Erin L. Scott,Quan Guang Zhang,Ruimin Wang,Ratna K. Vadlamudi,Darrell W. Brann
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.yfrne.2011.10.001
摘要
17β-Estradiol (estradiol or E2) is implicated as a neuroprotective factor in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders. This review focuses on the mechanisms underlying E2 neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia, as well as emerging evidence from basic science and clinical studies, which suggests that there is a "critical period" for estradiol's beneficial effect in the brain. Potential mechanisms underlying the critical period are discussed, as are the neurological consequences of long-term E2 deprivation (LTED) in animals and in humans after natural menopause or surgical menopause. We also summarize the major clinical trials concerning postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT), comparing their outcomes with respect to cardiovascular and neurological disease and discussing their relevance to the critical period hypothesis. Finally, potential caveats, controversies and future directions for the field are highlighted and discussed throughout the review.
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