Human Hyalohyphomycoses: A Review of Human Infections Due toAcremoniumspp.,Paecilomycesspp.,Penicilliumspp., andScopulariopsisspp.

Human infections due to opportunistic molds are on the rise. This is due to recent advances in medical technology that have led to increased numbers of patients who are immunosuppressed, receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics, or have indwelling medical devices. In this article, human infections caused by four hyalohy-phomycoses, Acremonium spp., Paecilomyces spp., Penicillium spp., and Scopulariopsis spp., will be reviewed. Specific areas of focus will include the epidemiology, mycology, clinical presentations, and treatment options for each of these four hyaline molds.