Objective: To study the mechanism of emodin which treat pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin in rats.Metheods: The healthy Wistar rats(60) were randomly divided into normal group,model group,prednisone group and emodin group(small dose,moderate dose and large dose).Bleomycin was injected in bronchia to make the model of pulmonary fibrosis in rats.After 28 days,the rats were killed and collecte specimens to measure the expression of TGF-β1 and smad3 smad7.Results: In emodin groups of small and moderate dose,The expression of TGF-β1 and smad3 is weakened;and the expression of smad7 has enhanced.Conclusion: Emodin has a certain treatment effect on the pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin in rats,possibly through controlling TGF-β1 smad3/7 expression.