Self-reduced anchoring of dispersed silver nanoparticles on Wurster COFs combined with graphene quantum dots: signal amplification for a femtomolar chlorpyrifos dual-recognition electrochemical aptasensor

. The present dual-mode aptasensor also exhibited excellent selectivity, stability, and reproducibility and was proven to be highly suitable for the reliable detection of CPF in complex food samples. This work has expanded the application scope of COF-based composites in dual-model or multi-model electrochemical sensors for the field-ready detection of organophosphorus pesticides in various scenarios.