Silica nanoparticle-reinforced cellulose aerogels with enhanced thermal stability for efficient thermal insulation

, indicative of good thermal insulation performance. In terms of thermal stability, the PTCNF/Si-1.5 composite aerogel containing 1.5 mL of silica sol showed a char residue yield of 58.8 wt% at 800 °C, which was significantly higher than that of the pure TCNF aerogel. Overall, the hydrophobic PTCNF/Si composite aerogels combine low thermal conductivity with enhanced thermal stability and therefore hold promising potential as functional thermal insulation materials for energy-efficient building envelopes.