Machine Learning Models for Disease-Free Survival Analysis after Liver Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Multicentric French Collaborative Study

RSF significantly improved DFS prediction compared with Cox regression and yielded the best discriminatory performance in both training and external validation cohorts. These findings highlight the value of ML-based survival models, particularly RSF, for enhancing individualized postoperative prognostication and refining patient selection for clinical trials evaluating adjuvant treatment to surveillance after LR for HCC.