Research progress of piezoelectric materials in biomedicine

Abstract Piezoelectric materials are able to generate charges with redox capabilities under the action of external mechanical stress, thereby achieving the conversion from mechanical energy to electrical energy and being widely utilized in biomedical research. Due to their good biocompatibility, high energy conversion efficiency, high biological activity, and stability, they show a bright prospect in future medical applications. Under the action of external force, piezoelectric materials are able to release electrons and holes, intervene in the living body to promote the occurrence of certain reactions, or provide a continuous power source for human devices to achieve medical purposes, such as tissue repair, drug release, cancer treatment, and biosensing. Piezoelectric biomedicine technology provides a more efficient and convenient means, improving the quality of life of patients. In order to promote the innovation of new medical technologies, especially the development of treatment methods, this paper systematically summarizes the latest research trends and the phased progress achieved in recent years of piezoelectric materials in the biomedical field. Firstly, the preparation techniques and basic classifications of piezoelectric materials are introduced. Different properties and application techniques of piezoelectric biomaterials are reviewed, and a brief summary of their multiple comprehensive applications in clinical practice is made. Finally, we discuss the challenges faced by piezoelectric materials in biomedicine and their future development directions, providing valuable insights and suggestions for subsequent research work.