细胞外小泡
前列腺癌
液体活检
生物标志物
癌症生物标志物
肿瘤微环境
癌症
生物制药
计算生物学
转移
诊断生物标志物
胞外囊泡
外体
微泡
癌症研究
纳米技术
细胞生物学
化学
医学
生物
生物化学
内科学
生物技术
材料科学
小RNA
基因
作者
Álvaro González,Silvia López-Borrego,Amaia Sandúa,Mar Valés‐Gómez,Estíbaliz Alegre
标识
DOI:10.1080/10408363.2024.2309935
摘要
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized particles secreted by most cells. They transport different types of biomolecules (nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids) characteristic of their tissue or cellular origin that can mediate long-distance intercellular communication. In the case of cancer, EVs participate in tumor progression by modifying the tumor microenvironment, favoring immune tolerance and metastasis development. Consequently, EVs have great potential in liquid biopsy for cancer diagnosis, prognosis and follow-up. In addition, EVs could have a role in cancer treatment as a targeted drug delivery system. The intense research in the EV field has resulted in hundreds of patents and the creation of biomedical companies. However, methodological issues and heterogeneity in EV composition have hampered the advancement of EV validation trials and the development of EV-based diagnostic and therapeutic products. Consequently, only a few EV biomarkers have moved from research to clinical laboratories, such as the ExoDx Prostate IntelliScore (EPI) test, a CLIA/FDA-approved EV prostate cancer diagnostic test. In addition, the number of large-scale multicenter studies that would clearly define biomarker performance is limited. In this review, we will critically describe the different types of EVs, the methods for their enrichment and characterization, and their biological role in cancer. Then, we will specially focus on the parameters to be considered for the translation of EV biology to the clinic laboratory, the advances already made in the field of EVs related to cancer diagnosis and treatment, and the issues still pending to be solved before EVs could be used as a routine tool in oncology.
科研通智能强力驱动
Strongly Powered by AbleSci AI