(−)-Epicatechin and colonic metabolite 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, alone or in combination with metformin, protect cardiomyocytes from high glucose/high palmitic acid-induced damage by regulating redox status, apoptosis and autophagy

EC and DHBA, alone or in combination with MET, alleviated glucolipotoxic-induced cardiac damage in cultured cells by regulating the redox status, autophagy and apoptosis.