Highly Sensitive Transistor Sensor for Biochemical Sensing and Health Monitoring Applications: A Review

Transistors have gained tremendous attraction in biochemical \nsensing due to their outstanding performance with high sensitivity, flexibility, \nselectivity, real-time monitoring, ease of fabrication, and biocompatibility for \nvarious point-of-care biomedical and healthcare applications. Herein, critical \nsensing capability by different transistor classes of i) organic field-effect \ntransistor, ii) organic electrochemical transistor, iii) low dimensional \nsemiconductor field-effect transistor, and iv) hybrid transistors are \nsummarized for biochemical (e.g., ions, glucose, antigen/antibody, DNA, \nbacteria, virus, cancer biomarkers) detection. Recent advancements in the \ntransistor field for bioanalyte sensing, including a new class of a \nphotoelectrochemical transistor, bioreceptor conjugation, strategies to \nimprove sensitivity and overcoming the limit of detection are discussed in a \nfocused manner. Furthermore, organic and inorganic active material-based \ntransistors are compared to find the best fit for specific target bio-detection \nand healthcare applications.