Sensory integration dysfunction in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Insights from a clinical balance assessment using the m-CTSIB

Sensory integration dysfunction contributes to postural instability, particularly in conditions challenging vestibular and proprioceptive processing. This study evaluated balance function in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) using the modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction on Balance (m-CTSIB).A cross-sectional study was conducted with 80 participants (40 AIS, 40 controls), assessing postural stability under various sensory conditions, including a novel foam-surface, eyes-closed, head-movement condition designed to challenge vestibular function. AIS patients exhibited significantly greater center of pressure (COP) deviations, movement velocity, and elliptical area than controls (P < 0.05), suggesting deficits in vestibular recalibration and sensory reweighting.Subgroup analysis revealed that lumbar scoliosis patients had greater postural instability than those with thoracic curves, suggesting differences in proprioceptive feedback. These findings may reflect that AIS-related balance deficits stem from sensory integration dysfunction rather than spinal deformity severity alone. This study highlights the need for targeted neurorehabilitation, including vestibular therapy and proprioceptive training, to improve postural control in AIS. Future research should explore neurophysiological mechanisms and rehabilitation efficacy.