Comparison of Anticancer, Antioxidant, Enzyme Inhibitory Effects and Phytochemical Contents between Edible Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and A New Wild Species (Lactuca anatolica)

In this study, the bioactive components, enzyme inhibitory, antioxidant and anticancer potentials of edible (L. sativa) and a new species (L. anatolica) of Lactuca were evaluated and compared. The quantitative analyzes of the bioactive components of L. sativa (LS) and L. anatolica (LA) were analyzed quantitatively by GC‐MS and Orbitrab HPLC‐HRMS. Antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory and anticancer properties were analyzed by various assays. In general, LA exhibited more stronger antioxidant properties compared to LS. The extracts showed similar inhibitory effects on these enzymes. It was determined that LS was dominant in terms of linoleic acid (23.71%), while LA contained a high level of α‐linolenic acid (31.70%). LA and LS inhibited the viability of A549 and MCF‐7 cells in a dose‐dependent manner. IC50 values for LA, LS and cisplatin were determined as 120.3, 197.5, 4.3 µg/mL in A549 cell line and 286.2, 472.8, 7.2 µg/mL in MCF‐7 cell line, respectively. It was revealed that LA and LS treatment at 50 µg/mL concentrations in A549 cells completely suppressed the colony forming capacity, and treatment with IC50 doses inhibited cell migration, and triggered apoptosis by regulating caspase‐3, cPARP, p53 and p21. The findings of this study suggested that these species have significant pharmacological potential.