Physical Activity and Motor Skill Development During Early Childhood: Investigating the Role of Parent Support

Purpose : This study examined the relationship between parent physical activity (PA) support and children’s motor skill development and PA during early childhood and explored the potential moderating effect of child PA and motor skills on these relationships. Methods : Participants (N = 589, 250 girls, mean age = 4.93 [0.59] y) were part of a larger, longitudinal cohort study. Motor skills were assessed using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children—Second Edition. Moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) was measured using ActiGraph accelerometers. Five items were used to measure parent support frequency (1 = none, 3 = 3–4 times, 5 = daily). Moderation analyses were conducted to examine the moderating effect of MVPA and motor skills on the relationship between parent support and motor skills and MVPA, respectively. Results : Parent support was significantly related to motor skills ( B = 14.45, P = .007), and child MVPA significantly moderated this relationship ( B = −0.17, P = .021). The relationship between parent support and child MVPA did not reach significance ( B = 2.89, P = .051); however, motor skills had a significant moderating effect ( B = −0.08, P = .022). Conclusions : These novel findings suggest parent PA support is related to child motor skills and PA during early childhood, but this relationship is context dependent. Child-level characteristics should be considered in future parent PA support research.