Crucibles and coatings for silicon melting and crystallization: An in-depth review of key considerations

This paper discusses crucial aspects related to crucibles and coatings in the context of silicon crystallization and melting. Various types of crucibles are explored, emphasizing both the main challenges and benefits associated with them. Additionally, it explores coatings in depth, thoroughly examining their roles, stability, and wetting behaviour, with a specific focus on silicon wetting on refractory materials and coated substrates. The principles of wetting in silicon applications are thoroughly examined. Crucible selection criteria, including thermal properties, melt contamination, cost, reusability, and design considerations, are also examined. Furthermore, the paper discusses the thermodynamics of the Si-C-N-O system in the context of silicon operations at high temperatures.. This review provides valuable insights for researchers and specialists in the field of silicon production and crystallization, aiding in the selection and utilization of crucibles and coatings for improved process performance.