Broad-spectrum and effective rare earth enriching via Lanmodulin-displayed Yarrowia lipolytica

The traditional mining processes of rare earth elements (REEs) are accompanied by the production of a large number of acid mine drainage rich in REEs. A wide-adaptive, low-cost and environmentally friendly biosorbent is an attractive technology to enrich and recycle REEs from the liquid wastes. To construct a broad-spectrum and efficient biosorbent, a novel REEs-binding protein Lanmodulin (LanM) is successfully displayed on the cell surface of a fungus, Yarrowia lipolytica, for the first time, and the adsorption capacities for various REEs are studied. The LanM-displayed Y. lipolytica shows significantly enhanced adsorption capacities for multiple REEs, achieving the highest reported values of 49.83 ± 2.87 mg Yb /g DCW, 50.38 ± 1.46 mg Tm /g DCW, 49.94 ± 3.61 mg Er /g DCW and 48.72 ± 3.09 mg Tb/g DCW, respectively. Moreover, the LanM-displayed Y. lipolytica possesses a high selectivity for REEs over other common metal cations and excellent suitability under acidic conditions. The kinetics and equilibrium analysis of biosorption processes agree well with the pseudo-first kinetic and Langmuir isotherm model. Based on the FTIR and SEM-EDS analysis, the chelation with phosphate/carboxylate groups dominates the Yb binding in LanM-displayed cells, and LanM enhances the adsorption performances by introducing more binding sites with high selectivity towards a wide range of REEs. Thus, the LanM-displayed Y. lipolytica investigated in this study exhibits prosperous potential for the enriching/removal of REEs from acid mine drainage.