Fast-charging station for electric vehicles, challenges and issues: A comprehensive review

In recent years, many countries have set specific goals to replace fossil fuel vehicles with the electric ones due to environmental concerns and issues related to energy supply security; it is predicted that using these vehicles will increase rapidly in the upcoming years. Therefore, in addition to home chargers, fast charging stations are needed to accelerate the charging speed and to save the costs of the consumed energy by the owner, thus lowering the disruptive effects of the home chargers on the power quality of the electricity grid. The price of the electric vehicle, independence, charging process and charging infrastructures are the main factors that have major effects on the progress and development of electricity. During the last few years, numerous concepts and topics such as energy management, infrastructure and the best charging plan with integrated energy and developed technologies are introduced for modeling charging stations. Therefore, the most important requirements in this field are improving the efficiency of charging stations in terms of charging speed, managing between charging and discharging, existence of renewable sources and Energy Storage System (ESS). Recognizing and studying these components and their development are the important parts of this research, which has not been studied before. In other words, this paper review the state-of-the-art aspects for different levels of designing a fast-charging station with complete coverage of the research work done related to the upcoming challenges. Considering the advantages and disadvantages of electric vehicles (EVs), some challenges in this concept and ideas for the future expansion of EVs charging station and its communications are introduced. Results from different surveys show that along with mutual communications and people's increasing desire for EVs, participation in planning will be beneficial for both the society and the government, which will result in the desired social welfare. Also, the presence of renewable resources due to technology development has become far more impressive. Finally, the various aspects of fast-charging stations along with an overview of probable areas for future study in this field are also presented.