Banana Fiber Degumming by Alkali Treatment and Ultrasonic Methods

This study focused on reducing the burden of air pollution, wastage of banana pseudostems, and adding value to the plant's products. Alkali pre-treatment and ultrasounds aided in degumming banana fiber to remove wax, lignin, hemicellulose, and other unwanted extractives. The chemical analysis method revealed 72.78% cellulosic content in ultra-sonicated fiber. Ultra-sonication attained an average diameter of 19.36 μm compared to 49.94 μm of alkali pre-treated fiber and 171.87 μm of untreated fiber as observed through the digital optical microscope. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed well-separated fibrils of ultra-sonicated fiber. X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) showed de-convoluted peaks of C1s, O1s, and N1s that confirmed lignin removal. Transform Infra-Red (ATR-FTIR) Spectrometer revealed varnishing peak bands of C − O and C═O functional groups between 1600 cm−1 and 1733 cm−1 related to lignin and hemicelluloses. The X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) showed improved crystallinity up to 63.29%. The single fiber strength testing machine showed optimized breaking strength of 31.12cN/dtex and breakage elongation of 9.38%. The chemical, mechanical and morphological properties showed great promise for high-quality banana fibers.