Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and its Application in Tunnel Engineering

A Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) method was conducted for advanced geological prediction in Wuchiba Tunnel field, Hubei Province, China. A 100 MHz antennae is applied. Reflection characteristics of water are studied. Theoretic and case studies indicate that the reflection characteristics of water or mud are: The reflection energy (amplitude) is high; the reflection frequency is low and the reflection phase is inverse (the phase difference is 180°). These characteristics are the main criterion of water and is instructive for further GPR advanced geological predictions in similar geological fields.