A Demand Response Trade Model Considering Cost and Benefit Allocation Game and Hydrogen to Electricity Conversion

With the widespread utilization of hydrogen in industry and the development of hydrogen-to-electricity (H2E) technology, how to design an efficient market-based demand response trade mechanism draws lots of attention for incentivizing industrial users to promote their demand response quantities and willingness with rational use of hydrogen. This article proposes an auction model of buyers and sellers considering the cost and benefit allocation game among electric transaction manager (ETM), electric response agents (ERAs), and electric-hydrogen industrial users (EHIUs) in demand response trade. First, a participant-led distributed trading framework of electricity demand response (EDR) with ETM, ERAs, and EHIUs is proposed. Second, in order to inspire ERAs to facilitate EDR trade and enhance EHIUs’ willingness to participate in the EDR, a bargain game of the cost and benefit allocation among ETM, ERAs, and EHIUs is established. Then, a co-optimization model with electricity and hydrogen considering production constraints is formed for promoting the ability and economy of EDR of EHIUs. Finally, a modified IEEE-69 node system is employed to illustrate the validity of the proposed method.