Functional effects of Tribbles homolog 2 in bovine ovarian granulosa cells†

Abstract Tribbles homologs (TRIB) 1, 2, and 3 represent atypical members of the serine/threonine kinase superfamily. We previously identified TRIB2 as a differentially expressed gene in granulosa cells (GCs) of bovine preovulatory follicles. The current study aimed to further investigate TRIB2 regulation and study its function in the ovary. GCs were collected from follicles at different developmental stages: small antral follicles (SF), dominant follicles (DF) at day 5 of the estrous cycle, and hCG-induced ovulatory follicles (OFs). RT-qPCR analyses showed greater expression of TRIB2 in GC of DF as compared to OF and a significant downregulation of TRIB2 steady-state mRNA amounts by hCG/LH, starting at 6 h through 24 h post-hCG as compared to 0 h. Specific anti-TRIB2 polyclonal antibodies were generated and western blot analysis confirmed TRIB2 downregulation by hCG at the protein level. In vitro studies showed that FSH stimulates TRIB2 expression in GC. Inhibition of TRIB2 using CRISPR/Cas9 resulted in a significant increase in PCNA expression and an increase in steroidogenic enzyme CYP19A1 expression, while TRIB2 overexpression tended to decrease GC proliferation. TRIB2 inhibition also resulted in a decrease in transcription factors connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 1 (ANKRD1) expression, while TRIB2 overexpression increased CTGF and ANKRD1. Additionally, western blot analyses showed reduction in ERK1/2 (MAPK3/1) and p38MAPK (MAPK14) phosphorylation levels following TRIB2 inhibition, while TRIB2 overexpression increased p-ERK1/2 and p-p38MAPK. These results provide evidence that TRIB2 modulates MAPK signaling in GC and that TRIB2 could act as a regulator of GC proliferation and function, which could affect steroidogenesis during follicular development.