Impact of timing on soft tissue augmentation during implant treatment: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract Background To achieve a predictable esthetic and functional outcome, soft tissue augmentation has become popular in implant treatment. Objectives The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to assess the influence of different timing for soft tissue augmentation during implant treatment on soft tissue conditions and its stability. Material and methods Electronic and manual searches for articles written in English up to September 2017 were performed by two independent reviewers. Human clinical studies with the purpose of evaluating outcomes (at least 3‐month follow‐up) of autogenous soft tissue graft for augmentation during implant treatment, either simultaneous or after implant placement (staged), were included. Cumulative changes of keratinized tissue width ( KTW ), soft tissue thickness ( STT ), and mid‐buccal mucosal recession ( MR ) data were analyzed with a random‐effects model to compare the postoperative outcomes. Results Twenty‐nine human studies (eight randomized clinical trials, six cohort studies, and 15 case series) that met the inclusion criteria were included. For the overall data, the weighted mean STT gain (1 year after surgery) was 1.03 mm (95% CI : 0.78–1.29 mm), among which the simultaneous group was 1.12 mm (95% CI : 0.75–1.49 mm) and staged group (3–6 months after implant placement) was 0.95 mm (95% CI : 0.58–1.31 mm). There was no statistically significant difference in KTW and MR between 3 months and more than 3 months after surgery. Conclusions This review revealed that the stability of soft tissue, in terms of KTW and mid‐buccal MR , can be obtained 3 months after surgery. There is no difference between simultaneous and staged soft tissue augmentation during implant treatment, and both procedures significantly enhance KTW and STT.