A role of CYFRA 21-1 among tumor markers for non-small-cell lung cancer

Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide. More than 1,000,000 new cases are registered each year. Therefore, it is not surprising that it has become a global problem, and a major focus of interest of thoracic oncologists on both hemispheres. The aim of this assay is to review the main characteristics of available tumor markers used in NSCLC. CYFRA 21-1 shows the best sensitivity in NSCLC and higher sensitivity for squamous cell carcinoma than other histological subtypes, a good correlation with disease extent, and a strong specificity in non-malignant lung diseases. Before any treatment, CYFRA 21 - 1 shows the highest sensitivity for squamous cell carcinoma when compared to CEA, NSE, CA 19-9, CA 15-3 and CA 125. Therefore, CYFRA 21-1 is the marker of first choice in NSCLC. However, this marker is not suitable for early diagnosis of NSCLC. Combinations of markers, identified either by standard immunohistochemical techniques or by more novel complementary DNA arrays may prove quite useful for diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. .