医学
膀胱癌
膀胱镜检查
膀胱切除术
无症状的
恶性肿瘤
泌尿科
化疗
癌症
内科学
外科
泌尿系统
作者
Katharine Claire DeGeorge,Harry R. Holt,Stephanie C. Hodges
出处
期刊:PubMed
日期:2017-10-15
卷期号:96 (8): 507-514
被引量:107
摘要
Bladder cancer is the sixth most prevalent malignancy in the United States and causes more than 16,000 deaths annually. The most common clinical presentation is asymptomatic hematuria, which should prompt evaluation with cystoscopy, renal function testing, and upper urinary tract imaging in adults 35 years and older and in those with irritative voiding symptoms, risk factors for bladder cancer, or gross hematuria at any age. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor allows for definitive diagnosis, staging, and primary treatment. Non-muscle-invasive disease is treated with transurethral resection, most often followed by intravesical bacille Calmette-Guérin or intravesical chemotherapy. Bladder cancer that invades the muscle layer is typically treated with radical cystectomy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy because of higher rates of progression and recurrence. No major organization recommends screening asymptomatic adults for bladder cancer, and the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force concluded that current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening.
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