空中传输
通风(建筑)
气流
传输(电信)
医学
环境科学
爆发
2019年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)
分离(微生物学)
生物气溶胶
感染控制
室内空气质量
环境卫生
气象学
重症监护医学
气溶胶
环境工程
传染病(医学专业)
病毒学
微生物学
疾病
计算机科学
病理
生物
电信
工程类
机械工程
物理
作者
Hua Qian,Xiaohong Zheng
出处
期刊:Journal of Thoracic Disease
[AME Publishing Company]
日期:2018-07-01
卷期号:10 (S9): S2295-S2304
被引量:159
标识
DOI:10.21037/jtd.2018.01.24
摘要
The emergence of respiratory diseases, i.e., severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic in 2003, H1N1 influenza epidemic in 2011 and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak, reiterated the significance of ventilation in buildings. The role of ventilation in removing exhaled airborne bio-aerosols and preventing cross infections has been multidisciplinary extensively studied after the SARS outbreak in 2003. The characteristics of droplet-borne, short-range airborne and long-range airborne transmission of infectious diseases were identified. Increasing ventilation rate can effectively reduce the risk of long-range airborne transmission, while it may be of little useful in preventing the droplet-borne transmission. To maintain the airflow direction from clean cubicles to dirty cubicles is an effective way to prevent the cross infection between cubicles, which is widely used in hospital isolation rooms. Field measurements showed that wrong air flow direction was due to poor construction quality or maintenance. The impacts of different airflow patterns on removing large droplets and fine droplet nuclei were discussed. Some new concepts in general ventilation systems and local personalized equipment were also introduced. This review updates current knowledge of the airborne transmission of pathogens and the improvement of ventilation efficiency concerning the infection prevention.
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