阿佩林
骨骼肌
内科学
内分泌学
肌发生
心肌细胞
肌肉肥大
下调和上调
肌球蛋白
化学
生物
细胞生物学
医学
生物化学
受体
基因
作者
Teemu Kilpiö,Sini Skarp,Ábel Perjés,Julia Swan,Leena Kaikkonen,Samu Saarimaki,István Szokodi,Josef Penninger,Zoltán Szabó,Johanna Magga,Risto Kerkelä
出处
期刊:American Journal of Physiology-cell Physiology
[American Physiological Society]
日期:2024-03-25
标识
DOI:10.1152/ajpcell.00427.2023
摘要
Plasma apelin levels are reduced in aging and muscle wasting conditions. We aimed to investigate the significance of apelin signaling in cardiac and skeletal muscle responses to physiological stress. Apelin knockout (KO) and wild type (WT) mice were subjected to high intensity interval training (HIIT) by treadmill running. The effects of apelin on energy metabolism were studied in primary mouse skeletal muscle myotubes and cardiomyocytes. Apelin increased mitochondrial ATP production and mitochondrial coupling efficiency in myotubes and promoted the expression of mitochondrial genes both in primary myotubes and cardiomyocytes. HIIT induced mild concentric cardiac hypertrophy in WT mice, whereas eccentric growth was observed in the left ventricles of apelin KO mice. HIIT did not affect myofiber size in skeletal muscles of WT mice but decreased the myofiber size in apelin KO mice. The decrease in myofiber size resulted from a fiber type switch towards smaller slow-twitch type I fibers. The increased proportion of slow-twitch type I fibers in apelin KO mice was associated with upregulation of myosin heavy chain slow isoform expression, accompanied with upregulated expression of genes related to fatty acid transport and downregulated expression of genes related to glucose metabolism. Mechanistically, skeletal muscles of apelin KO mice showed defective induction of insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling in response to HIIT. In conclusion, apelin is required for proper skeletal and cardiac muscle adaptation to high intensity exercise. Promoting apelinergic signaling may have benefits in aging- or disease-related muscle wasting conditions.
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