商品
背景(考古学)
经济
国际经济学
面板数据
贸易壁垒
发展中国家
温室气体
服务(商务)
气候变化
国际贸易
业务
计量经济学
经济
经济增长
古生物学
生态学
市场经济
生物
作者
Mohammad Zohaib Saeed,Shankar Ghimire
标识
DOI:10.3390/commodities1020008
摘要
Increasing levels of carbon emissions have been a growing concern worldwide because of their adverse environmental effects. In that context, this paper examines the association between different categories of trade and carbon dioxide emissions. In particular, we analyze whether total trade, commodity trade, and service trade affect the environment differently. The analysis is based on panel data for 147 developing countries for the period from 1960 to 2020. Methodologically, the fixed-effects model, as suggested by the Hausman test, is used to examine the relationships. We present two main conclusions: (1) overall trade increases CO2 emissions, and (2) commodity trade contributes to higher levels of CO2 emissions than service trade. These results have important policy implications—climate change policies should target commodity trade sectors to help reduce environmental carbon emissions.
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