Cryoablation Protocols for Primary and Metastatic Lung Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Evaluating Effectiveness and Safety of Percutaneous Cryoablation of Pulmonary Tumors

Percutaneous cryoablation demonstrates high effectiveness for lung tumor control. Superior 1-year LTC is associated with smaller tumor size and a triple freeze-thaw protocol characterized by a short initial freeze followed by longer subsequent freezes. These findings provide a data-driven basis for standardizing cryoablation techniques.