Designed Construction of Stellate Nickel Hydrogel Composites for Self-Healing Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

exceeded 120 dB in the Ka-band (26.5-40 GHz). The Ni SMS synergistically enhanced shielding by optimizing conductive networks, interfacial polarization, and magnetic loss mechanisms. This work provides a new strategy for designing smart EMI shielding materials with significant potential for flexible electronics, aerospace, and wearable devices.