A Decade of Advancement in Nanomaterials-Based Electrochemical Sensors: A Comprehensive Review

Literature on electrochemical sensors highlights its expanding role in biomedical applications, supported by advancements in nanotechnology. This paper briefly explores the development and need for nanomaterials-based sensors with advanced technologies emphasizing sensitivity and selectivity and the critical role of electrochemical sensors in medicine. The devices that convert chemical reactions into measurable electrical signals have evolved significantly since its inception in the 18th century. Understanding advancements in nanotechnology, these sensors now play a crucial role in healthcare, enabling continuous monitoring, non-invasive diagnostics, and precise detection of various biological analytes. Numerous advancements, including fabrication techniques such as 3D printing, artificial intelligence and the internet of things, MXene, wearable sensors, and other analytical methods to enhance the performance and functionalities of electrochemical sensors, such as cancer detection, glucose monitoring, wearable health devices, etc. Based on the Google Scholar search, this review provides insights into the different nuances of electrochemical sensors developed since 2014.