Boosting lithium compatibility and air stability of halide electrolytes through cyanamide substitution

). By utilizing the conjugated cyanamide group, lithium-ion migration is promoted, while significantly suppressing lithium dendrite growth. The assembled Li/Li symmetric cell maintains stable cycling for over 1100 hours. Impressively, ionic conductivity degradation is also significantly restrained when exposed to air with 10% humidity for 24 hours. When the modified halide electrolyte is paired with the lithium metal anode, the all-solid-state lithium batteries demonstrate outstanding electrochemical performance.