Anti‐Inflammatory Activities of New Compounds Isolated from the Fruits of Foeniculum Vulgare Mill

Abstract Forty‐nine compounds, including six previously unknown together with forty‐three known ones, were isolated from the fruits of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Their structures were elucidated using high‐resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR‐ESI‐MS), infrared spectroscopy (IR), ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy (UV), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) methods. All isolates were evaluated their anti‐inflammatory activity. The results indicated that compounds 1 and 6 inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 macrophages with IC 50 values of 41.77±1.80, 46.72±1.75 μ mol/L, respectively. Moreover, the potential targets of the four active ingredients were explored through network pharmacology, revealing that SRC, TP53, AKT1, and PIK3CA may serve as key anti‐inflammatory targets. Additionally, the anti‐inflammatory activities of compounds 1 – 6 were first observed in this experiment.