Impact of house dust mite in vitiligo skin: environmental contribution to increased cutaneous immunity and melanocyte detachment

白癜风 黑素细胞 角质形成细胞 屋尘螨 免疫学 趋化因子 人体皮肤 医学 生物 炎症 过敏 过敏原 癌症研究 细胞培养 遗传学 黑色素瘤
作者
Hanene Bzioueche,Katia Boniface,Claire Drullion,Sandrine Marchetti,Bérengère Chignon‐Sicard,Laura Sormani,Stéphane Rocchi,Julien Sénéschal,Thierry Passeron,Meri K. Tulić
出处
期刊:British Journal of Dermatology [Oxford University Press]
卷期号:189 (3): 312-327 被引量:7
标识
DOI:10.1093/bjd/ljad148
摘要

Abstract Background Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disorder characterized by loss of melanocytes. Protease-mediated disruption of junctions between keratinocytes and/or keratinocyte intrinsic dysfunction may directly contribute to melanocyte loss. House dust mite (HDM), an environmental allergen with potent protease activity, contributes to respiratory and gut disease but also to atopic dermatitis and rosacea. Objectives To verify if HDM can contribute to melanocyte detachment in vitiligo and if so, by which mechanism(s). Methods Using primary human keratinocytes, human skin biopsies from healthy donors and patients with vitiligo, and 3D reconstructed human epidermis, we studied the effect of HDM on cutaneous immunity, tight and adherent junction expression and melanocyte detachment. Results HDM increased keratinocyte production of vitiligo-associated cytokines and chemokines and increased expression of toll-like receptor (TLR)-4. This was associated with increased in situ matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 activity, reduced cutaneous expression of adherent protein E-cadherin, increased soluble E-cadherin in culture supernatant and significantly increased number of suprabasal melanocytes in the skin. This effect was dose-dependent and driven by cysteine protease Der p1 and MMP-9. Selective MMP-9 inhibitor, Ab142180, restored E-cadherin expression and inhibited HDM-induced melanocyte detachment. Keratinocytes from patients with vitiligo were more sensitive to HDM-induced changes than healthy keratinocytes. All results were confirmed in a 3D model of healthy skin and in human skin biopsies. Conclusions Our results highlight that environmental mite may act as an external source of pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecules in vitiligo and topical MMP-9 inhibitors may be useful therapeutic targets. Whether HDM contributes to the onset of flares in vitiligo remains to be tested in carefully controlled trials.
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