否定
命题
理解力
语用学
语言学
生产(经济)
计算机科学
要素(刑法)
心理学
自然语言处理
认知心理学
哲学
政治学
法学
经济
宏观经济学
作者
Ann Nordmeyer,Michael C. Frank
标识
DOI:10.1525/collabra.67931
摘要
Negation is a fundamental element of language and logical systems, but processing negative sentences can be challenging. Early investigations suggested that this difficulty was due to the representational challenge of adding an additional logical element to a proposition. In more recent work, however, supportive contexts mitigate the processing costs of negation, suggesting that pragmatics can modulate this difficulty. We test the pragmatic hypothesis that listeners’ processing of negation is influenced by expectations about speakers’ production of negation by directly comparing speakers and listeners in two pairs of experiments. In both experiments, speakers produce negative sentences more often when they are both relevant and informative. And in both experiments, listeners in turn are fastest to respond to sentences that they expect speakers to produce. We argue that general pragmatic principles that apply to all sentences can help explain the challenges of processing negation.
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