Effects of frozen-then-chilled storage on proteolytic enzyme activity and water-holding capacity of pork loin

This study aimed to determine the effect of frozen-then-chilled storage on free Ca2+, proteolytic enzyme activity of calpains and the proteasome, water-holding capacity and shear force of porcine longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle. Pork loins were subjected to either chilled storage at 2 ± 1 °C for 1, 2, 4, 6 and 9 days, or frozen-then chilled storage (−20 ± 1 °C for 1 week followed by thawing overnight). Free Ca2+ increased with chilled storage in the non-frozen group. Frozen-then-chilled storage increased free Ca2+ concentration, followed by a faster decrease of calpain-1 activity and activation of around 50% of calpain-2. Proteasome activity was reduced by around 40% following freezing-thawing. Purge loss increased and water-holding capacity of myofibrils decreased in the frozen-thawed group, suggesting considerable denaturation of myofibrillar proteins. Shear force was not affected by freezing-thawing, and we speculate that the tenderizing effect of calpain activation was counteracted by loss of proteasome activity and substantial exudate loss.