Chitin and Chitosan

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Molecular Structure and Conformation 2.1. Chitin 2.2. Chitosan 3. Raw Materials and Production 3.1. Isolation of Chitin from Crab and Shrimp Shells 3.2. Preparation of Chitosan from Chitin 4. Metabolism and Biosynthesis 5. Chemical Properties 5.1. Reactions on the Amino Group 5.1.1. N-Acylation 5.1.2. Formation of N-Alkylidene and N-Arylidene Derivatives 5.1.3. N-Alkylation and N-Arylation 5.2. Reactions at the Hydroxyl Group 5.3. Reactions at C-6 5.4. Graft Polymerization on Chitin and Chitosan 6. Application Forms and Formulations 7. Uses 8. Economic Aspects 9. Toxicology and Environmental Aspects