激励显著性
心理学
激励
上瘾
显著性(神经科学)
奖励制度
心理信息
认知心理学
敏化
社会心理学
神经科学
微观经济学
梅德林
政治学
经济
法学
作者
Kent Berridge,Terry E. Robinson
出处
期刊:American Psychologist
[American Psychological Association]
日期:2016-11-01
卷期号:71 (8): 670-679
被引量:889
摘要
Rewards are both "liked" and "wanted," and those 2 words seem almost interchangeable. However, the brain circuitry that mediates the psychological process of "wanting" a particular reward is dissociable from circuitry that mediates the degree to which it is "liked." Incentive salience or "wanting," a form of motivation, is generated by large and robust neural systems that include mesolimbic dopamine. By comparison, "liking," or the actual pleasurable impact of reward consumption, is mediated by smaller and fragile neural systems, and is not dependent on dopamine. The incentive-sensitization theory posits the essence of drug addiction to be excessive amplification specifically of psychological "wanting," especially triggered by cues, without necessarily an amplification of "liking." This is because of long-lasting changes in dopamine-related motivation systems of susceptible individuals, called "neural sensitization." A quarter-century after its proposal, evidence has continued to grow in support the incentive-sensitization theory. Further, its scope is now expanding to include diverse behavioral addictions and other psychopathologies. (PsycINFO Database Record
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