肠促胰岛素
胰高血糖素样肽-1
生物
胰高血糖素样肽-2
功能(生物学)
分泌素
激素
平衡
胆囊收缩素
作者
Emily W. Sun,Alyce M. Martin,Dayan de Fontgalland,Luigi Sposato,Philippa Rabbitt,Paul Hollington,David Wattchow,Alexander D. Colella,Tim Chataway,Nicolai J. Wewer Albrechtsen,Nick J. Spencer,Richard L. Young,Damien J. Keating
出处
期刊:Endocrinology
[The Endocrine Society]
日期:2021-04-01
卷期号:162 (4)
标识
DOI:10.1210/endocr/bqab022
摘要
Glucagon is secreted by pancreatic α cells in response to hypoglycemia and increases hepatic glucose output through hepatic glucagon receptors (GCGRs). There is evidence supporting the notion of extrapancreatic glucagon but its source and physiological functions remain elusive. Intestinal tissue samples were obtained from patients undergoing surgical resection of cancer. Mass spectrometry analysis was used to detect glucagon from mucosal lysate. Static incubations of mucosal tissue were performed to assess glucagon secretory response. Glucagon concentration was quantitated using a highly specific sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A cholesterol uptake assay and an isolated murine colonic motility assay were used to assess the physiological functions of intestinal GCGRs. Fully processed glucagon was detected by mass spectrometry in human intestinal mucosal lysate. High glucose evoked significant glucagon secretion from human ileal tissue independent of sodium glucose cotransporter and KATP channels, contrasting glucose-induced glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secretion. The GLP-1 receptor agonist Exendin-4 attenuated glucose-induced glucagon secretion from the human ileum. GCGR blockade significantly increased cholesterol uptake in human ileal crypt culture and markedly slowed ex vivo colonic motility. Our findings describe the human gut as a potential source of extrapancreatic glucagon and demonstrate a novel enteric glucagon/GCGR circuit with important physiological functions beyond glycemic regulation.
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