The dependence of effectivity of the pentose phosphate pathway on ATP concentration in human erythrocytes was established. The effectivity of the pentose phosphate pathway was decreased 2-fold with a fall in ATP concentration by 20% below the physiological values. The rate of glucose uptake remained practically unchanged thereby, i. e. the equilibrium between the pentose phosphate pathway and the Embden-Meyerhof pathway was markedly shifted towards the latter.