[Effects of S(+)-ketamine combined with sufentanil for patient-controlled intravenous analgesia on the early recovery in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer].

Objective: To observe the efficacy and safety of S(+)-ketamine combined with sufentanil for patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer and explore its impact on patients' early recovery. Methods: One hundred and ten patients undergoing laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer in Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University from December 2020 to March 2021, were divided into two groups (n=55) using a random number table: group S received PCIA, with continuous infusion of S(+)-ketamine combined with sufentanil, while group C received PCIA, with continuous infusion of sufentanil. PCIA was initiated at the end of the surgery, and the formulations were as follows: group S, S(+)-ketamine (1.44 mg/kg), sufentanil (1.05 μg/kg), ketorolac tromethamine (2.0 mg/kg) and tropisetron (5 mg), in 100 ml of normal saline; group C: sufentanil (1.50 μg/kg), ketorolac tromethamine (2.0 mg/kg) and tropisetron (5 mg), in 100 ml of normal saline. Postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) and Ramsay sedation scale were recorded at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 h after the surgery. The incidence of remedial analgesia, the effective compressions number of PCI during 48 h after the operation. Time to first ambulation, time to first anal exhaust, time to resume oral feeding were recorded. The occurrence of adverse effects was compared between the two groups. Results: A total of 10 patients were excluded during the study, including 4 cases of conversion to laparotomy, 3 cases of dropping out of the study, and 3 cases with operation time more than 4 hours. Finally, 50 cases in group S and 50 cases in group C completed the study. There were no significant differences in VAS scores and Ramsay sedation sores at all time points between two groups (all P>0.05). Likewise, there were also no significant differences in the number of remedial analgesia and effective compressions of PCIA during 48 h after the operation between the two groups (both P>0.05). The total dosage of sufentanil consumption in group S [(64±9) μg] was lower than that in group C [(95±12) μg] within 48 h of PCIA, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.001). Time to first ambulation in group S was (1.1±0.2) d, which was shorter than that in group C [(1.6±0.5) d], and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). Likewise, time to first anal exhaust in group S [(1.3±0.4) d] was shorter than that in group C [(1.8±0.6) d], with a statistically significant difference (P<0.001). Additionally, time to resume oral feeding in group S was (2.5±0.6) d, which was shorter than that in group C [(3.1±0.7) d], and there was a statistically significant difference (P<0.001). The incidence of nausea, vomiting and pruritus in group S were 4.0%, 2.0% and 0, which were lower than that in group C (16.0%, 10% and 8.0%, respectively), with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). No case with psychiatric symptoms was found in both groups. Conclusion: When used for postoperative intravenous analgesia in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer, S(+)-ketamine combined with sufentanil can provide satisfactory analgesic effects, decrease total consumption of sufentanil and the incidence of adverse effects, and thus facilitate patients' early recovery.目的： 观察右旋氯胺酮复合舒芬太尼自控静脉镇痛（PCIA）用于腹腔镜直肠癌根治术老年患者的有效性和安全性，探讨对患者早期康复的影响。 方法： 选取郑州大学附属肿瘤医院2020年12月至2021年3月择期行腹腔镜直肠癌根治术老年患者110例，随机数字表法分为2组（n=55）：右旋氯胺酮复合舒芬太尼静脉自控镇痛组（S组）和单纯舒芬太尼静脉自控镇痛组（C组）。术毕行PCIA，S组镇痛泵配方：右旋氯胺酮1.44 mg/kg、舒芬太尼1.05 μg/kg、酮咯酸氨丁三醇2.0 mg/kg、托烷司琼5 mg，生理盐水稀释至100 ml；C组镇痛泵配方：舒芬太尼1.50 μg/kg、酮咯酸氨丁三醇2.0 mg/kg、托烷司琼5 mg，生理盐水稀释至100 ml。观察两组患者术后6、12、24、36和48 h疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）和Ramsay镇静评分。记录患者补救镇痛次数、术后48 h内镇痛泵有效按压次数，记录两组患者术后首次下床活动时间、首次排气时间及术后恢复进食时间。记录不良反应发生情况。 结果： 研究过程中共剔除10例患者，其中4例中转开腹手术，3例中途退出研究，3例手术时间超过4 h。最终S组和C组各50例完成试验。两组患者术后6、12、24、36和48 h时VAS评分和Ramsay镇静评分差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。两组患者补救镇痛次数和术后48 h内镇痛泵有效按压次数差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。S组患者术后48 h舒芬太尼总用量为（64±9）μg，低于C组的（95±12）μg（P<0.001）；术后首次下床活动时间为（1.1±0.2）d，早于C组的（1.6±0.5）d（P<0.001）；术后首次排气时间为（1.3±0.4）d，早于C组的（1.8±0.6）d（P<0.001）；术后首次进食时间为（2.5±0.6）d，早于C组的（3.1±0.7）d（P<0.001）。S组患者恶心、呕吐、皮肤瘙痒的发生率分别为4.0%、2.0%和0，均低于C组16.0%、10.0%和8.0%（均P<0.05）。两组患者均未出现噩梦、谵妄等精神症状。 结论： 右旋氯胺酮复合舒芬太尼用于老年患者腹腔镜直肠癌根治手术镇痛效果良好，可减少舒芬太尼用量，不良反应发生率更低，有助于患者早期康复。.